Networks: Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer

Definition

A network is a system of interconnected computers and other devices that can communicate with each other and share resources.
The two main types of network setups are client-server and peer-to-peer (P2P).

Client-Server Networks

In a client-server network, a powerful computer known as a server provides services or resources to client computers.
Servers can be dedicated, meaning they have a specific function such as a file server, email server, or a web server.
When a client needs a service or resource, it sends a request to the server. The server processes the request and sends back the required data.
The server manages security and network operations, and can control clients’ access to resources.

Peer-to-Peer Networks

In a peer-to-peer network, all devices, referred to as peers, share their resources directly without requiring a central server.
Each peer can act as both a client making requests, and a server providing resources. This is a decentralised system.
Peers can share resources like files, disk storage, and processing power.
A disadvantage of P2P is that it can be less secure and harder to manage than client-server networks.

Comparisons Between Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer

Client-server networks are more suited to large organisations where centralised control and security are necessary. They are typically more fast and reliable.
Peer-to-peer networks are commonly used for small office or home networks. They are easy and cheaper to set up but can be less secure.
Technically, the internet is a massive client-server network, but P2P communication still plays a key role, particularly in file sharing and streaming services.

Security Concerns

Regardless of network type, security is a vital issue. Both types of networks are vulnerable to types of attacks like viruses, hacking, and data theft.
Client-server networks can be protected by using strong passwords, encryption, firewalls, and regularly updating and backing up data.
Peer-to-peer networks have more difficulty enforcing security measures because each peer is its own authority.

Remember the differences between these two types of networks and their related security considerations in order to make informed decisions about network setup and management.