Basics of Binary Numbers

Binary is a base-2 numbering system used by computers.
A binary number consists of only two possible values: 0 and 1. These are referred to as binary digits or bits.
The rightmost bit in a binary number is known as the least significant bit (LSB). This position holds the value of 2^0.
As you move to the left, the value of each position doubles. For example, the second position from the right holds the value of 2^1, the position to its left holds 2^2, and so on.
The leftmost bit in a binary number is referred to as the most significant bit (MSB).

Converting Binary to Decimal

Converting a binary number to a decimal number involves multiplying each bit by 2^n, where n is the position value starting from 0 at the least significant bit.
The sum of all these products gives the decimal equivalent of the binary number.

To convert a decimal number to binary, keep dividing the decimal number by 2 and recording the remainder at each step. The remainder will be either 0 or 1 - a bit.
Start from the bottom and read the remainders from the last division to the first to get the binary equivalent of the decimal number.

Addition of binary numbers follows the same rules as addition in the decimal system. However, remember that carry values will be much more frequent because the highest value in binary (1) is lower than in decimal (9).

Binary numbers are the fundamental building blocks of all operations in a computer. This includes not only data storage, but also instructions and computations.
Understanding how binary works is crucial for understanding more advanced computer science concepts, such as truth tables, logic gates, and computer architecture.