Networks- LANs and WANs

Understanding Networks

A network is a system of interconnected computers and peripherals such as printers, which is capable of sending (or transmitting) and receiving data.
Networks can be categorised into two types: Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN).

A LAN covers a small geographical area located on a single site.
For instance, a network within a building or within a school could classify as a LAN.
Devices on a LAN are usually owned by a single organisation.
Data transfer speeds within LANs are typically fast as the distances data must travel are relatively small.

Network Cabling or wireless technology is used within a LAN to connect devices.
Ethernet and Wi-fi are common technologies for LANs.
LANs typically use switches and hubs to connect devices within the same building.

A WAN covers a large geographical area, which can span across cities, countries or even continents.
The Internet is the most widely used WAN, which spans across the entire globe.

WANs use different technologies such as fibre-optic cabling or satellite links for long-distance communication.
Connections between devices in a WAN can either be Permanent (dedicated) or Temporary.
The infrastructure for WANs is usually owned by multiple organisations or leased by a single organisation from a telecommunications company.
Data transfer speeds in WANs may be slower compared to LANs, as the distances data must travel are typically much larger.

Security Considerations: LANs are typically more secure than WANs because they are smaller and data doesn’t have to travel over external networks.
Cost: Setting up and managing a LAN is generally less costly than a WAN due to less geographical area it covers and limited devices.
Speed: Typically, LANs have faster data transfer speeds than WANs due to the smaller geographical area to cover.
Ownership: LANs are usually owned by a single organisation, whereas WAN infrastructure may be owned by multiple organisations or leased.