Overview of Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) refers to the utilisation of computer systems to aid in the creation, amendment, analysis, or optimisation of a design.
CAD software is used to produce two-dimensional (2D) drawings or three-dimensional (3D) models.
Primary applications include product, industrial, and architectural design, as well as civil and electrical engineering.

CAD Software

2D CAD systems, like AutoCAD or TurboCAD, are often used for floor plans, building permit drawings, and mechanical layouts.
3D modelling system tools such as SolidWorks and CATIA provide detailed conceptual models. This can help to visualize a final product and perform a variety of simulations.
Some software, like AutoCAD and SolidWorks, offer both 2D and 3D design capability.
CAD software allows users to manipulate and modify designs easily, which greatly facilitates the design process.

CAD software provides greater accuracy in the design process by reducing human error.
It increases designer productivity, allowing rapid changes and iterations, and sharing design files electronically.
CAD assists in the visualization of final products through 3D modelling and rendering capabilities.
CAD allows for integration with CAM systems (Computer-Aided Manufacturing), which facilitates a streamlined product development process.
CAD systems can store previous designs for future reference, significantly saving time and resources.

Introducing CAD systems could involve a high initial investment, including buying software licenses and training staff.
Utilising complex CAD software requires specific skills and training, and could be time-consuming.
There is a risk of over-reliance on CAD systems; designers must understand the limits of the software, and not ignore the physical implications of their designs.
Hardware requirements for CAD systems could be high; computer processor speed, graphic capability, and memory could limit the performance of CAD applications.

The smooth integration of CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) has resulted in more efficient manufacturing processes and a greater consistency in product quality.
Rapid prototyping can be performed using CAD data, fostering innovation, and reducing the time-to-market for new products.
CAD technologies have significant implications for quality control and assurance; software can predict potential flaws in a design before physical testing or manufacture.
The use of CAD has resulted in increased customisation. Products can be tailor-made to individual customer requirements without significantly increasing time or cost.