Short and Long Term Effects of Exercise

Short-Term Effects of Exercise:

The body experiences an increase in heart rate as more blood needs to be pumped around the body to supply the muscles working out.
Respiration rate increases during exercise to supply more oxygen to the cells and to remove excess carbon dioxide.
There is an increased demand for nutrients needed for energy, especially glucose, leading to muscle fatigue if the body cannot meet the demand.
Sweating increases in order to dissipate heat and cool down the body.
Lactic acid builds up in the muscles, causing fatigue and discomfort.

Long-Term Effects of Exercise:

Cardiovascular efficiency improves over time, with the body becoming better at transporting and utilising oxygen.
Lung capacity can increase, leading to better overall respiratory function.
Healthy weight management can be achieved, with potential for body fat reduction.
Bone density can improve, reducing the risk of osteoporosis.
Regular exercise can contribute to improved mood and reduced stress due to the production of endorphins, also known as “happy hormones”.
Muscle strength and endurance improve with consistent training, leading to better performance and less fatigue.
The body becomes more efficient at regulating its temperature.
The immune system is often strengthened by regular, moderate exercise.
Regular exercise can improve flexibility and joint health, reducing the risk of injury.

Remember, the degree to which these effects are experienced can vary between different individuals and depends on several factors including fitness level, age, gender, diet, etc.