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Level 3 Applied Human Biology BTEC
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Level 3 Applied Human Biology BTEC
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Level 3 Applied Human Biology BTEC
– Topics
Cardiovascular and Respiratory System
Causes and common symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Stroke, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Hypertension and Hypotension
Circulatory and respiratory system structure and function
Cells, Tissues and Biological Molecules
Control of body temperature and physiological responses to extremes of temperature
Principles of homeostasis
Chromosome formation and nuclear division
Stages and cellular activities during the cell cycle and divisions
Cellular activities
Transport of substances into and out of cells
Cellular ultrastructure and function
Structure and function of specific biological molecules
General structure and function of biological molecules
Cellular Injury and Repair
Causes, mechanisms and health consequences of reversible and irreversible cell and tissue injury
Responses of tissues to injury
Cell adaptations
Cellular responses, to include cellular swelling, effect on ATP production
Characteristics of Different Microorganisms
Acellular viruses and prions
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Classification Overview of Infectious Diseases
Source: anthroponoses, zoonoses and sapronoses
Agent: bacterial, viral, protozoan, fungal, prionic, helminthic, ectoparasitic
Target organ: intestinal, respiratory tract, blood, urinary, systemic
Classification Strategies
Classification of protists
Classification of viruses
Phenotypic methods to classify bacteria
Culture of Microorganisms
Isolation of pure cultures from mixed populations
Differential media
Methods of cell culture
Types of media
Diagnostic Techniques
Haematology
Basic methods, equipment, result format, unit of measurement and interpretation for diagnostic techniques
Digestive and Excretory System
Assessing dietary and nutritional problems
Dietary needs
Control of blood glucose levels
Location and conditions required for effective action of digestive enzymes
Digestion, absorption and assimilation of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
Structure and function of the stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, duodenum, ileum and colon
Water balance control and its effect on blood pressure
Structure and function of kidneys, nephron, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
Gene Expression
Hereditary and acquired genetic mutations
Translation and splicing of RNA to produce proteins
Transcription of DNA to RNA
Genetic Disorders and Diagnosis
Diagnostic tests for genetic and chromosomal disorders
Methods and limitations of obtaining DNA samples
Interpretation of genetic diagrams
Effects of mutations in oncogenes and tumour suppressing genes
Characteristics of benign and malignant tumour growth
Genetic and chromosomal disorders
Understand the terms allele, dominant, recessive, genotype, phenotype, heterozygous, homozygous, sex linkage, carrier, affected/sufferer, non-affected/non-sufferer
Health and Safety
Safe culturing of microorganisms
Aseptic technique
Methods of sterilisation and disinfection
Biosafety cabinets, biosafety classification levels, use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
Current legislation relating to the use of microorganisms in the workplace
Immune Dysfunction
Allergies and allergens
Primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases
Autoimmune diseases
Immune Respone
Passive immunity
Adaptive secondary immunity
Adaptive primary immunity
Innate (non-specific) physical, chemical and biological defences
Infectious Diseases, Signs, Symptoms and Progression
Parasitic diseases
Prionic diseases
Fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Bacterial diseases
Interpret, Analyse and Evaluate Scientific Information
Evidence to support conclusions/claims made
Validity of conclusions identified and relevance to the purpose of the investigation
Validity and reliability
Comparisons of primary and secondary data
Trends/patterns/anomalous data and sources of error in data
Use of accurate/reliable sources of information
Quantitative evidence
Qualitative evidence
Primary and secondary research
Interpretation, Analysis and Evaluation
Potential areas for further research and development identified
Common limitations
Evidence to support conclusions/claims made
Draw conclusions in relation to the purpose of the investigation
Sources of error in data
Trends and patterns in data
Numerical data identified and presented
Data collection and awareness of anomalous data, repeats and validity
Investigating the Substances that Inhibit the Growth of Microorganisms
Measurement of antimicrobial susceptibility by zones of inhibition
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Suitability of pour plate or spread plate with confluent growth, incubation times, correct measurement of zones of inhibition
Identification of variables to change and control
Methods of Pathogenicity
Underlying mechanism for the evaluation of pathogens
Virulence mechanisms of viruses and prions
Virulence factors of eukaryotes
Virulence factors of bacteria
Microscopy and Staining Techniques
Limitations of staining techniques and morphological studies for identifying microorganisms
Growth characteristics in broths
Staining techniques
Use of a microscope to observe microorganisms
Nervous System
Reflex actions and reflex arcs
Synaptic transmission
Transmission of action potential
Central and peripheral nervous system
Sensory, motor and relay neurones
Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases
Current issues
Diseases treatments
Disease prevention
Quantitative Analysis of Microbes
Viable counts: serial dilutions, streak/spread plating
Total population count
Transmission of Infectious Diseases
Chain of infection: agent, host, reservoir, portals of exit, mode of transmission, portals of entry
Direct and indirect transmission
Understand Health Issues and Associated Initiatives and Research
Medical prevention and treatments
Genetic initiatives
Health and lifestyle initiatives
Infections
Understand How Health Issues and Initiatives are Reported in Different Media and for Different Audiences
Target audience
Presentation and reporting
Reporting medium
Understand the Influence of Organisations/Individuals on Health Issues
Individuals
Non-government organisations and associations
Government and global organisations