Infections

Definition

Infections occur when a host organism’s body tissues are invaded by disease-causing agents.
These agents can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
Their multiplication and subsequent release of toxins lead to an infectious disease.

Caused by single-celled organisms known as bacteria.
Examples include tuberculosis, pertussis (whooping cough), and salmonellosis (food poisoning).

Caused by viruses.
Examples include the common cold, influenza, HIV/AIDS, and current global concern, COVID-19.

Caused by parasites.
Examples include malaria (caused by a parasite transmitted by mosquitos) and tapeworm diseases.

Infections can be spread in various ways, including through direct contact (person to person), indirect contact (via inanimate objects), airborne transmission, and vector-borne transmission (via insects or other carriers).

Hygiene practices: Regular handwashing, using sanitiser, cleaning surfaces, and comprehensive sterilisation in healthcare settings.
Vaccination: Critical in the prevention of many bacterial and viral infections.
Public health measures: Surveillance, outbreak investigation, and prompt isolation of infected persons.
Antibiotics and antiviral drugs: Used for the treatment and in some cases, prevention of bacterial and viral infections respectively.

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global concern, where bacteria develop resistance to the drugs designed to kill them.
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are key reasons behind this phenomenon.
This results in more persistent infections with higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.