Validity of conclusions identified and relevance to the purpose of the investigation

Validity of a conclusion refers to the extent to which it holds true in the real world.
Valid conclusions accurately reference the data collected, and correctly apply scientific laws, theories, or principles.
A conclusion can be said to be valid if it is based on sound logic and evidence that supports it. The collection of this evidence should be in line with scientific and ethical guidelines.
Arguments and reasoning that lead to the conclusion should be logical, consistent, and free of fallacies or errors.
Interpretations and predictions made from the conclusion should match previous observations or results, or explain them better.

Relevance refers to how closely linked the conclusion is to the original purpose or aim of the research.
Research typically starts with a hypothesis or a research question - the conclusion should directly address this.
Evidence and conclusions in the investigation should contribute towards increasing understanding regarding this initial research question.
Whether the research successfully fulfills its purpose or not, leads to a conclusive answer or not, it adds valuable knowledge to the field of study.
Discovering unexpected results could lead to new questions and hypotheses, thus opening up new avenues for further research.

To evaluate the validity and relevance of conclusions, one must examine the methods of data collection and the manner in which data is analysed.
Researchers must check whether the observation and data collection techniques used were accurate, reliable, objective, and free from bias.
An error or bias in any part of the research process can significantly alter the conclusions.
Peer review is a commonly used process in the scientific community to evaluate the quality, validity and relevance of research findings.
Understanding, acknowledging, and discussing possible limitations or flaws in research conclusions can contribute to the progress and advancement of scientific knowledge.

Regardless of the nature of findings, honest and clear communication of conclusions is a fundamental part of science.
Conclusions should be accompanied by interpretation and context, explaining how and why these results increase our understanding of the topic at hand.
Differences in interpretations, particularly those based on the same piece of evidence, should be explored and discussed.
To improve transparency and trust in science, researchers should also communicate the level of certainty and margins of error in their findings.