Bacterial Diseases

Main Types of Bacterial Diseases

Tuberculosis (TB): Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection generally occurs in the lungs, but can spread to other parts of the body.
Cholera: Caused by Vibrio cholerae. The main symptom is watery diarrhoea which can lead to severe dehydration.
Diphtheria: Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Characterised by a high fever, sore throat, and difficulty breathing.
Legionnaires’ Disease: Caused by Legionella pneumophila. It causes a form of pneumonia and difficult breathing.
Plague: Caused by Yersinia pestis. Symptoms can include fever, weakness and swollen lymph nodes.

Common symptoms can include fever, tiredness, coughing, sneezing, and body aches. More severe diseases may cause symptoms like diarrhoea, breathing problems, or rashes.
Signs of severe infection can include changes in mental function, severe pain or discomfort, especially in the abdomen, chest or joints, laboured breathing, or a weak pulse.
Bacterial infections are also usually accompanied by inflammation, as the body’s immune system responds to the infection.

An individual can contract a bacterial disease via inhalation, ingestion, or through an open wound.
Once the bacteria have entered the body, they start to multiply. This multiplication can cause damage to cells and may release toxins.
If the immune system is unable to combat the bacteria, symptoms begin to show and the person falls ill.
Without treatment, many bacterial infections can become severe or chronic, potentially leading to long term health problems or even death.
Treatment usually involves antibiotics, which either kill the bacteria or inhibit their growth.

Hygiene practices like regular handwashing, food safety measures, and safe sex can reduce the risk of infection.
The use of vaccines is also important to prevent certain bacterial diseases.
Decontamination of surfaces and instruments can help prevent the spread of bacteria in healthcare settings.