Basic methods, equipment, result format, unit of measurement and interpretation for diagnostic techniques

Medical history reviewing the individual’s past and current health status.
Physical examination entails systematic investigations like assessing patient’s vital signs and conducting structured observation.
Laboratory tests might include analysis of blood, urine or tissue samples.

Microscopes commonly used for tests like blood smear examination, stool tests, and tests for infectious diseases.
Blood glucose meters used to monitor blood sugar levels.
Stethoscope vital for checking heart function and breathing.
CT scanner used to gather detailed images of the inside of the body.
MRI machine provides images, useful in diagnosing neurological and musculoskeletal issues.
X-ray machine detects bone abnormalities and certain injuries.

Results can be either Qualitative (describing quality – like positive or negative, presence or absence of a condition) or Quantitative (providing numeric data – like the measure of glucose level, cholesterol level).
Various charts and graphs to represent data like histograms, pie-charts, etc.

Different tests have specific units of measurements. For instance, unit for measuring glucose in the blood is millimoles per litre (mmol/L), blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg).
Temperature is typically measured in degrees Celsius (°C).
Heart rate is frequently measured as beats per minute (BPM).

Normal range concept is critical in interpretation, a certain range corresponds to healthy individuals.
Results above or below the normal range might indicate potential health issues.
False positives and negatives understanding is crucial - a test may wrongly indicate a disease (false positive) or miss it (false negatives).
Final interpretation of the tests normally requires a comprehensive understanding of the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and other diagnostics performed.
Underlying interdependencies — one result might impact several other results, need to be considered.