Group 2 and 7 Elements: Tests for Ions

Understand the process, conditions, and observations for all chemical tests.
Cations are identified either by flame tests (with each type having a unique colour) or the addition of dilute sodium hydroxide.
Anions are identified through various methods:
- Halide ions are identified using acidified silver nitrate solution and confirmed with ammonia solution.
- Carbonate ions are detected through a reaction with dilute acid producing carbon dioxide, which is confirmed using limewater.
- Sulfate ions are identified by adding dilute HCl, then barium chloride.