Systems Software

• Systems software is a category of computer software designed to operate and control the computer hardware, and to provide an environment for executing application software.
• The two main types of systems software are operating systems and utility software.
• Operating systems are integral to the functioning of computers. They control the hardware and system resources, manage memory and storage, allow for multitasking and provide an interface for users to interact with the computer.
• Examples of well-known operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux and iOS.
• Utility software, also known as service programmes or system utilities, perform tasks related to the management and maintenance of computer resources. These may include backup software, disc tools, security software and more.
• The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a type of systems software that is executed when a computer system is turned on. It initialises the hardware, tests the system, and loads the operating system into memory.
• Device drivers are also a part of systems software. They enable the operating system and other software to interact with the computer hardware.
• Systems software is typically pre-installed on a computer upon purchase and is seldom directly engaged with by end users. Instead, it works in the background to ensure the correct running of the system.
• It is vital to keep systems software up to date to ensure security and functionality. Regular updates usually include security patches, bug fixes, and enhancements.
• Other components of systems software include compilers, interpreters and assemblers, which transform programming language into executable code.
• Middleware is another type of systems software which provides services to applications beyond those available from the operating system.
• Systems software differs from application software, which are programmes designed to perform specific tasks for users, such as word processing, managing data in databases, creating presentations, etc.
• Systems software and application software communicate with one another via APIs (Application Program Interface).
• An understanding of systems software and its role in managing computer resources is vital to the field of computer science.