Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Flux Density

Force On a Wire

Magnetic force can be calculated via this equation which is given in your exam:

Force = Magnetic flux density x current x length of wire

F = B x I x l

F = Force, Newtons (N)

B = Magnetic flux density, Tesla (T)

I = Current, Amps (A)

l = length of wire in the magnetic field, metres (m)

A tesla is the strength of a magnetic field that produces a force of 1 N in a 1m wire with a current of 1A.

Fleming’s Left Hand Rule

Magnetic Fields, figure 1

Magnetic Flux Density

Magnetic Fields, figure 2Magnetic Fields, figure 3

Moving Charges in a Magnetic Field

Force

Magnetic Fields, figure 1

Positive and Negative Charges

Remember that opposites attract and like charges repel.

Circular Paths

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Magnetic Flux and Flux Linkage

Magnetic Flux

Magnetic Fields, figure 1

Magnetic Fields, figure 2

ɸ = Magnetic Flux (Weber - Wb)

__B __= Magnetic flux density (T)

A = Area (m2)

Magnetic flux is the product of the magnetic flux density and the area that it is travelling through.

Magnetic Flux Linkage

The flux linkage includes how many turns of wire are cutting through the flux lines.

Magnetic Fields, figure 3

N = Number of turns.

Electromagnetic Induction

Magnetic Fields, figure 1Magnetic Fields, figure 2

Laws

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Magnetic Fields, figure 7

Magnetic Fields, figure 8

Magnetic Fields, figure 9

Application

Magnetic Fields, figure 10

Induced Emf 2

Magnetic Fields, figure 11Magnetic Fields, figure 12

Magnetic Fields, figure 13

Above we have induced emf in a coil rotating uniformly in a magnetic field.

Alternating Currents

Magnetic Fields, figure 1

Magnetic Fields, figure 2

Magnetic Fields, figure 3

Applications

Magnetic Fields, figure 4

Oscilloscope

When reading an oscilloscope you need to know the following:

The y-axis represents potential difference (V). Normally one square is 1V but the scale can change so read the question carefully.

The x-axis represents the time period (s) of the wave. Again, the scale for each square can change so read the question carefully.

The middle line represents zero volts.

The peak to peak reading is twice the amplitude.

For a DC voltage you will get a straight line whereas an AC voltage will give you a sinusoidal wave.

The Operation of a Transformer

Transformer Equation

Magnetic Fields, figure 1

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Eddy Currents

Magnetic Fields, figure 6

Inefficiencies

Magnetic Fields, figure 7

A lamp rated at 12V 60W is connected to the secondary coil of a step-down transformer and is at full brightness. The primary coil is connected to a supply of 230 V. The transformer is 75% efficient. What is the current in the primary coil?
Your answer should include: 0.35A / 0.35

Magnetic Flux & Flux Linkage

Magnetic Flux

Magnetic Fields, figure 1

Magnetic Fields, figure 2

ɸ = Magnetic Flux (Weber - Wb)

B = Magnetic flux density (T)

A = Area (m2)

Magnetic flux is the product of the magnetic flux density and the area that it is travelling through.

Magnetic Flux Linkage

The flux linkage includes how many turns of wire are cutting through the flux lines.

Magnetic Fields, figure 3

N = Number of turns.