Comparatives and superlatives

Comparatives in Classical Greek often end in -τερος (masculine), -τερα (neuter), and -τερα (feminine). They are used to compare two things or people.
Just like regular adjectives, comparatives can be declined to match the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.
Comparatives are commonly preceded by the particle ἤ when making direct comparisons. This particle can be translated as “than”.
If the comparison is not explicitly stated (i.e., “he is bigger”), the missing segment is understood to be “than [he is] big”.

Superlatives express the highest degree of something. Superlatives in Classical Greek often end in -τατος (masculine), -τατον (neuter), -τατη (feminine).
Superlatives can be translated with “the” (“the biggest”), or with “very” or “most”. It’s important to choose the translation that fits best with the context.
Just like regular adjectives and comparatives, superlatives must be declined to match the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.

When a comparative or superlative adjective is derived from an adjective with a two-termination first and second declension paradigm (like σοφός, -ή, -όν, “wise”), the comparative or superlative will follow a similar two-termination paradigm.
Comparatives will then use the endings -ώτερος, -όν and superlatives will use -ώτατος, -όν.

There are several irregular forms of comparatives and superlatives from certain adjectives that will need to be memorised. For example, “good” (ἀγαθός) has the comparative “better” (βέλτιων) and the superlative “best” (ἄριστος).

Keep in mind that while in English we typically append “-er” or “-est” or use the words “more” or “most” to form comparatives and superlatives, Greek uses unique word forms.
Sometimes, a comparative form is used where in English we’d prefer the superlative, especially with words expressing virtue or excellence.
Take special note of the irregular forms, as they’re frequently used and can be easily mistaken for other words.
Lastly, remember that the particle ἤ comparing two entities can sometimes be omitted, especially in prose, so ensure to spot the comparative adjective by its decline.