Knowledge of the material

Historical Context

Understanding the historical context of The Iliad is important. The poem is set in the time period of the late Bronze Age and particularly takes place during the middle or late stages of the Trojan War.
Familiarity with the Mycenaean culture offers an edge in understanding the story’s context. The poem mirrors the society, practices, and values of the Mycenaean civilization, including the reverence for heroes and adherence to a royal hierarchy.
Integrating an understanding of Ancient Greek culture and its polytheistic religion can deepen the , understanding of several plot points, as Olympian gods and goddesses feature heavily in the narrative and steer the course of events.

The Iliad predominantly covers the wrath of Achilles, its causes, manifestations, and consequences. Keeping track of the major plot developments and remembering key happenings and interactions will be useful.
The poem explores myriad themes ranging from honour and war, to fate and free will, to friendship and vengeance. Reflecting on these themes and how they are expressed via characters, their actions, and their experiences adds dimensions to the understanding and interpretation of the poem.
The intervention of gods, their relationships with mortals, and the ensuing impact on the Trojan War represent significant threads of the narrative and should be clearly understood.

Major characters, namely Achilles, Hector, Priam, Agamemnon, and a host of gods and goddesses should be well known, along with their roles, relationships, and significant actions in the plot.
Understanding the motivations of the characters, be it Achilles’ rage and subsequent return to the war or Hector’s valour and the love for his city, can provide insight into the narrative.
Delving into interactions among characters, for instance, the council of the gods or the myriad disputes amongst the Achaean commanders, provides a perspective on interpersonal dynamics and hierarchy.

Gaining knowledge of the battlefield, its layout, and the use of strategy is beneficial. It is essential to understand the significance of the wall around the Achaean camp and the main gates of Troy.
As geographical references are numerous in the poem, a basic understanding of Ancient Greek geography, including knowledge of prominent cities and regions mentioned, could aid in understanding.