Evaluation of the usefulness of primary sources

Evaluation of Primary Sources

Understand the necessity of source evaluation for acquiring a nuanced understanding of the classical Greek world.
Reflect on the source’s context: who created it, when, where, and why.
Consider the intended audience and its potential reception of the source.
Understand the source’s original purpose, which helps identify possible biases or limitations.

Evaluate epic poetry such as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey for its cultural, moral, and historical narratives, while considering the influence of oral tradition and the time gap from the actual events.
Analyse Greek drama to understand societal norms and values, but remember that they were written for performance and offer a dramatised view of society.
Approach historical writings like those of Herodotus with a critical eye, acknowledging the author’s personal opinions and possible biases.
Understand philosophical texts to gain insights into intellectual thought but remain mindful of their hypothetical and often idealised nature.

Evaluate the reliability of inscriptions due to their public nature and official function, like propagating state ideology or norms.
Assess papyri for direct evidence of everyday life, but consider that they mostly survived in specific environmental conditions (e.g., Egypt), which may skew the representation.

Examine architectural remains to understand structural and functional aspects, but consider influences like restoration, partial survival, or altering use over time.
For sculptural art or pottery, study stylistic traits and iconography to understand public taste, propaganda or symbolic meanings, but be aware of potential misinterpretations due to missing pieces or colour.
Handle coin evidence critically as they were used for wide circulation and often carry deliberate political messages.

Investigate vase paintings for their story-telling and mundane life scenes, but keep in mind artistic conventions and the potential for idealisation.
Approach monumental painting and mosaics as statements of power, wealth or piety, understanding their often public and performative character.
Evaluate symbols and motifs for their cultural meanings, but be aware of possible changes in symbolic language over time.