Aspects of Literary Style: Literary Devices

Use of Epithets

Familiarise yourself with the concept of epithets, these are descriptive phrases used as a kind of nickname to highlight specific characteristics of figures or places.
Regularly used by Herodotus, epithets provide a vivid description and allow for deeper understanding of the characters involved.
Observe that an epithet can be seen as a form of literary shorthand, encapsulating a person’s qualities, personality, or duties in just a few words.

Analyse the use of symbolism in Herodotus’s narratives, where certain objects, characters, or events are used to represent larger ideas, concepts, or themes.
Understand that allegory is another literary device used - where characters or events symbolise broader ideas or moral qualities - and recognise its usage to convey complex thoughts in abstract ways.

Detect instances of foreshadowing, where Herodotus hints at future events or outcomes in his tales.
Recognise this as a device to build up a sense of impending drama or disaster.

Look for examples of dramatic irony, a literary device where the audience knows more about a situation than the characters involved, increasing tension.
Understand that Herodotus uses dramatic irony to underline the human failing of ‘not knowing’ or the limit of human foresight.

Understand that contrast plays a significant role in Herodotus’s writing, emphasizing the differences between characters, cultures, and events to bring out distinct features or create drama.
Enrich interpretations by identifying and analysing how such contrasts shape the overall narratives.

Spot instances of hyperbole, a figure of speech where exaggeration is used for emphasis or dramatic effect.
Acknowledge that Herodotus often employs hyperbole to exaggerate an event or characteristic for the sake of narrative impact.