Aspects of literary style: word order

Aspects of literary style: word order

Word Order in Vera Historia

  • Varied Word Order: Lucian uses flexible word order, as is common in Classical Greek, to emphasise certain parts of his sentences. This is a prime feature of Greek syntax.
  • Hyperbaton: In some instances, Lucian employs hyperbaton, a figure of speech in which words that naturally belong together are separated for emphasis or effect.
  • Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) Order: While the most common word order in Classical Greek is SOV, Lucian occasionally switches this up for dramatic effect.

Word Placement and Emphasis

  • Position of Adjectives: Lucian sometimes places adjectives after the noun they describe (postposition), or before the noun (preposition), depending on what he wishes to emphasise.
  • Emphatic Position: Greek syntax often allows important words to be placed either at the beginning or end of a sentence. Use the context to understand Lucian’s intended emphasis.

Rhetorical Techniques

  • Anastrophe: Lucian uses anastrophe, a form of hyperbaton where the adjective appears after the noun, to create suspense or add emphasis.
  • Chiasmus: He sometimes uses chiasmus, a figure of speech that involves two or more clauses which are related to each other through a reversal of structures in order to create a criss-cross pattern. This underlines his satirical writing style.

Understanding Context Through Word Order

  • Indication of Relationships: Word order can help indicate relationships between words, particularly in determining what is the subject and object of a verb.
  • Participles Before the Words They Modify: Lucian often positions participles before the words they modify to provide more specific descriptions. Keeping an eye out for these patterns can provide additional context to the events described.
  • Context and Clarity: While word order can vary in Classical Greek, the context usually makes the meaning clear. Understanding Lucian’s style can enable a better grasp of the literary dynamics in Vera Historia.