Literary techniques & impact on reader

Use of Irony

Recognising the use of dramatic irony in Herodotus’ Tales, where the reader knows more about the set up and outcome of certain situations than the characters.
Swotting up on situational irony, where events occur differently than what readers and characters might expect, creating suspense and engagement.
Understanding how these ironies engage the reader and prompt them to reflect on the unexpected outcomes and uncertainties inherent in human life.

Spotting the prevalent use of anecdotes in the narrative, which often involve moral, religious or philosophical teachings.
Seeing how these anecdotes invite readers to reflect on certain moral, social, or political implications.
Understanding that these anecdotes often serve to emphasise and support the broader historical narratives, thereby providing useful insights into the society and people of the time.

Recognising Herodotus’ use of foreshadowing as subtle hints or warnings about future events in his Tales.
Identifying how this technique creates an element of tension and anticipation in the narrative, providing a compelling reason for readers to continue.
Appreciating that foreshadowing can be seen as another way Herodotus exhibits his careful planning and structuring of the text.

Paying attention to Herodotus’ exploration of human nature, where characters’ actions are often driven by pride, lust for power, revenge, or respect for the gods.
Observing how these portrayals influence readers’ reactions towards different characters, adding depth and realism to their portrayals.
Understanding that this exploration of human nature is often linked with the moral and ethical lessons Herodotus aims to impart, shaping the reader’s views and understanding of historical events.

Recognising the frequent occurrence of divine intervention and the role of fate in the Tales, highlighting the ancient belief in gods and destiny.
Seeing how this belief impacts the narrative by dictating characters’ decisions and outcomes of events.
Understanding how these aspects make the reader aware of the religious beliefs and customs of the ancient Greeks and Persians, further immersing them in the period.