Modelling, Scaled Model Making, and Computer-aided Design

Modelling

Modelling encompasses developing physical representations of a product design to better understand its potential outcome.
The use of block modelling helps in creating a rough 3D representation of a product design, thereby assisting in visualising proportions and ergonomic considerations.
Scale modelling is the construction of models to a relative size or scale to effectively communicate design intent.
Developing mock-ups or full-scale models of a product facilitates understanding of the design’s look and feel, with a focus on aesthetic considerations.
Modelling can be done manually or digitally via software depending on the requirements or feasibility.

Scaled models are physical representations of an object or design, reduced or enlarged in size to facilitate its study or handling.
The construction of these models requires measurement accuracy in maintaining the correct proportion of the represented object.
Scaled model making facilitates the understanding of details that might not be obvious in 2D designs.
It helps in bringing forth the potential design flaws or issues not considered during initial design stages.
Scaled models are also used for presenting ideas, showing construction methods, and testing possible design solutions before actual production.

Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computers to assist in creating, modifying, analysing or optimising a design.
CAD software provides tools to create 2D or 3D models, manipulate geometric shapes, generate virtual models of a proposed product, and simulate its performance in real-world conditions.
CAD allows for easy manipulation, analysis, and optimization of designs, saving time and resources.
It is especially useful for easily displaying complex shapes and geometries, which are hard to visualise or draw manually.
CAD software promotes precision, reduces human errors, and allows for easy modifications of a design as per requirement.
Digital models designed using CAD can be tested using Computer-aided engineering (CAE) software to evaluate their performance under a variety of conditions.
Once a design is finalised, Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software can automatically generate tool paths leading to accurate and efficient production.
Rapid prototyping technologies such as 3D printing can directly use CAD models to manufacture a physical prototype of a design.