Computer-aided Design (CAD): 2D and 3D Modelling

Basics of Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

Define computer-aided design (CAD) as the use of computer software to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimisation of a design.
Understand that CAD is used extensively in many industries, including engineering, architecture, automotive, aerospace, and product design.
Recognise that CAD can be used to create 2D designs, 3D models, and even animations of how the design might function in real-world conditions.

Learn that 2D CAD tasks involve creating and modifying geometric shapes on a flat plane.
Know that 2D CAD is commonly used for floor plans, building permit drawings, landscape layouts, and other applications where the software’s scope doesn’t need to extend beyond 2 dimensions.
Understand that, while 2D CAD may seem outdated compared to 3D modelling, it is still widely used and has its own advantages, such as simplicity and ease of use.

Get to know that 3D CAD involves creating a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional surface or object with the help of specialised software.
Recall that 3D CAD allows for rotation, movement, and scaling of a design. It also allows for analysis, such as calculating the weight, centre of gravity, and other physical properties of a model.
Recognise that there are three main types of 3D CAD: solid modelling, surface modelling, and wireframe modelling.

Describe solid modelling as the most complex form of 3D CAD, creating models that can simulate the weight and behaviour of a real object.
Contrast solid modelling with surface modelling, which only creates the surface of objects. Surface modelling is less complex but also less realistic, often used in industries like automotive design where the appearance is vital.
Understand that wireframe modelling is the simplest form of 3D CAD, creating only the edges of an object. It’s primarily used for initial design layout or for reference geometry.

Keep in mind that CAD is instrumental in the design and manufacturing process. From product design to building design, CAD is used throughout the entire lifecycle of a product.
Note the use of CAD software in prototyping as a way to test and optimise designs before they’re manufactured.
Remember that CAD can also be used in the production process – for example, in the programming of CNC machines.

Be cautious of neglecting dimensioning and annotation tools in CAD software: these provide crucial information for manufacturing and assembly.
Steer clear of over-complicating designs: simple designs are often more effective and easier to manufacture.
Keep an eye out for design errors - regular checks can ensure the accuracy of a design, reducing the risk of time-consuming and costly modifications further down the line.