Industrial Processes and Manufacturing

Industrial Processes in Textiles

Spinning: The process of turning raw fibres into yarn or thread. Done by twisting the fibres together, which strengthens them and gives them enough flexibility to be woven or knitted.
Weaving: The interlacing of two sets of threads at right angles to each other. This forms a fabric with a distinct weave.
Knitting: The process of interlocking loops of yarn or thread to form a fabric. Knitted fabrics, such as jersey, have more stretch than woven fabrics.
Dyeing: The process of adding colour to textile products like fibres, yarns, and fabrics. This could be done at various stages, from fibre stage to garment stage.
Finishing: Final treatments applied to the fabric to make it more useful or attractive, including bleaching, printing, and embossing.

Cutting: The first stage in garment manufacture, involving the cutting of fabric in shapes to be joined together to make a garment.
Sewing: Joining the cut pieces of fabric together. This could be done manually or by a sewing machine.
Pressing: The process of applying heat and pressure to fabric or garments, often with the use of steam, to give them a smooth and crisp finish.
Quality Control: Checking the garments at various stages of production to ensure they meet specified quality standards.
Packaging and Dispatch: Final stage of manufacturing where garments are properly packaged ready for dispatch to retail outlets.

Screen Printing: A technique where ink is forced through a screen with areas blocked off by a stencil.
Digital Printing: A computer-controlled method of printing designs onto fabric.
Heat Transfer Printing: Using heat to transfer dye onto fabrics. Commonly used for polyester fabrics and sportswear.

Waste Management: Efficient and responsible handling and disposal of waste generated during the manufacturing process.
Water Use and Pollution: Ensuring minimal water usage and preventing water bodies’ pollution.
Energy Consumption: Reducing energy use in manufacturing processes and utilising renewable sources.
Working Conditions: Ensuring fair pay, safe working conditions and no exploitation of workers.