Goal-setting

Goal-setting is an essential strategy to help learners master a skill.
It improves motivation, focus, and self-confidence, and helps to monitor progress.
Two main types: outcome goals and performance goals.

Outcome goals focus on the end result, such as winning a race or beating an opponent.
They are often influenced by external factors which can be beyond a performer’s control.

Performance goals relate to an individual’s success in improving or mastering a skill, regardless of competition.
They’re more under personal control than outcome goals and can thus boost self-confidence.

Goal-setting provides a clear focus, diverting attention from irrelevant factors and reducing anxiety.
It promotes self-efficacy, enhancing the performer’s belief in their abilities.
Resultant feedback helps in identifying strengths and weaknesses.

Goals should be ‘SMART’: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.
Specific goals clearly define what is expected, measurable goals allow the tracking of progress, achievable goals are within the performer’s ability, relevant goals relate to the performer’s needs, and time-bound goals set a clear timescale for achievement.
Goals should be adjusted as necessary, reflecting one’s evolving skills and abilities.

The coach must ensure that goals are realistic and suited to the performer’s needs.
If a goal is too easy or too difficult, motivation may decline.
They should guide performers in monitor their progress and adjusting their goals.

Setting unrealistic or inappropriate goals can lead to demotivation and stress.
Focus on outcome goals can distract performers from the process of skill acquisition.
It can create a fear of failure if goals are continually not met.