Methods of Modifying this Behaviour

Behavioural Interventions

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): This form of therapy is useful in changing maladaptive thought patterns associated with addictive behaviours. It involves identifying triggers for addictive behaviours, and developing coping strategies to handle these triggers without resorting to the addictive behaviour.
Aversion Therapy: This method introduces a negative reaction to the addictive behaviour, such as inducing nausea when a substance is taken. Over time, the aim is for the individual to associate this negative response with the addiction, reducing the desire to engage in the addictive behaviour.
Contingency Management: This approach involves rewarding the individual for refraining from the addictive behaviour. Rewards serve as positive reinforcement, which encourages continued abstinence from the behaviour.

Pharmacological Interventions

Substitution Therapy: This involves replacing the addictive substance with a safer, manageable alternative. For example, nicotine patches for tobacco addiction or methadone for heroin addiction. The aim is to gradually reduce dependence whilst minimising withdrawal symptoms.
Antagonist Drugs: These are used to block the effects of the addictive substance. For example, naltrexone can be used to block the effects of opioids, discouraging further use.
Vaccination Therapy: This novel approach involves creating a vaccine that produces antibodies against the addictive substance. Once vaccinated, the individual will not experience the usual effects when using the substance, lowering its appeal.

Psychological Counselling and Support Groups

Group Therapy: Joining a group of individuals who struggle with the same addiction can provide a strong support network. Sharing experiences and coping strategies can be a powerful aid in overcoming addiction.
Family Therapy: This involves including close family members in the therapy process. Family dynamics can often contribute to addictive behaviours, and addressing these issues can be beneficial in treatment.
Motivational Interviewing: This technique aims to explore and resolve an individual’s ambivalence towards their addictive behaviour. This method helps them recognise the negative impacts of their addiction and supports them in taking steps towards change.