Individual Differences in Bullying Behaviours

Personality Traits

Certain personality traits, such as a lack of empathy, a proclivity toward impulsivity, and a high need for power and control, may make individuals more prone to bullying behaviours.
The Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) are often associated with greater likelihood of engaging in bullying.

Cognition

Individuals with a hostile attribution bias, where they interpret others’ behaviour as threatening or aggressive, are more likely to exhibit bullying behaviour.
Lower levels of moral reasoning and lack of understanding or acceptance of social norms can contribute to bullying behaviours.

Beliefs and Attitudes

Personal beliefs in the legitimacy of aggression as a means to control or gain respect from others may promote bullying behaviours.
Attitudes towards authority and rules also play a role in bullying, with disregard for rules or defiance of authority often associated with bullying behaviours.

Emotional Regulation

Deficits in emotional regulation may make individuals more likely to respond to triggering situations or feelings with aggression, leading to bullying behaviours.
Higher levels of emotional reactivity - a tendency to respond impulsively and intensely to situations - can contribute to bullying behaviours.

Psychosocial Factors

Low self-esteem or insecurity can lead to bullying behaviours as a way to assert power or control.
People with a history of failed social relationships or who feel marginalized or ostracized might resort to bullying as a defence mechanism.

Remember, individual differences can interact with other factors, including environmental triggers and biological predispositions. Understanding these variations and their interplay can help to produce more effective interventions to prevent and reduce bullying behaviours.