An understanding of Sexism

Understanding Sexism

What is Sexism?

Sexism refers to prejudice, discrimination, or stereotyping based on someone’s sex or gender. It can occur in various contexts, including at work, in education, and in social situations.

Types of Sexism

Hostile sexism involves overtly negative attitudes and behaviours towards an individual based purely on their gender.
Benevolent sexism refers to seemingly positive or protective attitudes that still serve to undermine or limit women’s power, by framing them as needing protection or care.
Structural sexism refers to sexism that is embedded within societal structures and institutions, such as the wage gap or fewer opportunities for advancement for women in the workplace.

Individual Level Sexism

Individual level sexism is perpetrated and experienced at the individual level. It includes holding or acting upon sexist beliefs and stereotypes.
For instance, direct discrimination or harassment based on an individual’s sex or gender is an example of individual-level sexism.

Societal Level Sexism

Societal level sexism is systemic and involves discriminatory practices that are integrated into society’s structures.
This type of sexism can be harder to combat as it’s so deeply embedded into societies and often remains unchallenged.

Effects of Sexism

Sexism can lead to harmful effects both psychologically and physically. It can contribute to lower self-esteem, higher levels of stress, and worsened physical health due to persistent stress.

Combating Sexism

Fostering awareness about gender biases and correcting misconceptions can be done at both individual and societal levels.
Implementing legal measures against gender-based discrimination, promoting equal opportunities, and raising public awareness are key steps in combating sexism.

Sexism in Psychological Research

Historically, psychology as a field has been criticized for its gender bias, both in terms of focus of research and interpretations of data.
Gender stereotypes or assumptions can inadvertently influence psychological theory and research, leading to biased or inaccurate findings.

Sexism and Legislation

In the UK, The Equality Act 2010 is the legislation protecting individuals from discrimination based on sex and other characteristics.
It’s important to ensure that research complies with such legislation and does not contribute to or perpetuate gender-based discrimination or stereotypes.

Sexism and Psychological Theories

Some psychological theories have been criticized for perpetuating sexism, such as Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which has been accused of reinforcing traditional gender roles.
Conversely, feminist psychology has challenged traditional psychology’s assumptions and biases around gender, and has explored the impact of sexism and gender bias on mental health and social inequality.