Apply assumptions to explain a variety of behaviours

Overview

The Biological Approach in psychology studies the links between biology and behaviour. It sees humans as biological organisms and explains behaviour in terms of biology, genetic inheritance, evolution, and hormonal and neural processes.

The approach assumes that our genetics significantly influence our behaviours. For example, it suggests behaviour can be inherited in the same way physical characteristics are through the DNA passed on by our parents.
It also postulates that our behaviour can be affected by our neurochemistry, that is, the chemicals in our brain. Serotonin, for instance, is known to affect mood regulation and has been linked to depression.
The approach assumes that our brain structure can influence our behaviour. Each area of the brain is responsible for different functions and if these areas are damaged or not operating correctly, behaviour can be impacted.
Evolution and adaptation are also key concepts. The Biological Approach suggests that the behaviours that enhance survival and reproduction have evolved over time and are passed onto new generations.

The Biological Approach can be used to explain mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. These disorders are often linked to biological factors such as genetics, hormonal activity, and chemical imbalances in the brain.
This framework can explain certain behavioural differences between genders, which might be influenced by hormonal and genetic factors. This includes aggression, sexual behaviour, personality traits, cognitive abilities, etc.
The approach can also explain why individuals react differently to stress and fear, as these reactions can be associated with neurological and biochemical processes within the body.
Experience of physical pain and pleasure can also be understood biologically since these are largely regulated by brain mechanisms.

Critics argue that the Biological Approach can be reductionist. By focusing on biological explanations, other important factors like environmental and social influences can be overlooked.
Some also argue that the approach can be seen as deterministic, suggesting that an individual’s behaviour is predetermined by their biology, leaving no room for the influence of free will.
Caution needs to be taken when applying findings from animal studies to humans, as there is a danger of anthropomorphism.