Muscular-skeletal system

Muscular-Skeletal System Basics

  • The muscular-skeletal system consists of bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons.
  • It is responsible for providing structure and shape to the body.
  • This system also aids in movement and provides protection for internal organs.

Bones and the Skeletal System

  • The human body has 206 bones with different sizes and shapes.
  • Long bones like the femur assist in the body’s movement and provide support.
  • Bones are held together by joints.
  • Cartilage prevents bones from rubbing together at joints.
  • The spine or vertebral column protects the spinal cord and aids in upright posture.

Muscles and the Muscular System

  • Muscles are tissues that contract or relax to create movement.
  • There are three types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
  • Skeletal muscles, which are voluntary and striated, are attached to bones and responsible for most body movements.
  • Muscle contraction is the process in which muscles become shorter and tighter to produce movement.

Ligaments and Tendons

  • Ligaments are tough, elastic fibres that connect bone to bone, stabilising joints and preventing excessive movement.
  • Tendons are less elastic and connect muscles to bones, transferring muscular contraction to bone for movement.

Exercise and the Muscular-Skeletal System

  • Regular physical activity can have numerous benefits for the muscular-skeletal system.
  • Exercise can result in increased muscle size and strength, bone density, and improved joint function.
  • Resistance training specifically can enhance muscle size and strength.
  • Aerobic exercises such as running can help increase bone density and improve joint flexibility.
  • Over-activity, however, can lead to overuse injuries such as stress fractures and tendonitis.

Care and Maintenance

  • Maintaining a balanced diet with sufficient calcium and vitamin D is essential for bone health.
  • Wearing appropriate protective gear while exercising can help prevent accidental injuries.
  • Warm-up before exercise and cool-down afterwards help prepare the body for activity and reduce the risk of injury.

Remember, understanding the muscular-skeletal system is key in understanding how physical activity impacts the body. Ensuring a balance between physical activity and adequate rest is essential in promoting overall health.