Safeguarding food from spoilage

Understanding Food Spoilage

Food spoilage is the process in which food deteriorates to the point that it is not edible for humans or it is likely to become a source of foodborne disease.
Spoilage is caused by bacteria, moulds, yeasts, or chemical reactions.
Symptoms of food spoilage may include an unpleasant smell, mouldy surface, change in colour, or a slimy texture.
It is essential to understand the conditions that promote spoilage including temperature, moisture, pH and oxygen.

Temperature and Food Storage

Temperature control is crucial for preventing spoilage as most bacteria multiply rapidly between 5°C and 63°C.
Refrigeration and freezing slow down or stop bacteria growth. Refrigerated food should be kept at 5°C or below.
Freezing food at -18°C or below halts bacterial growth entirely although it does not kill bacteria.
Always check the “use by” dates on stored food items and discard expired items.

Preventing Cross-contamination

Cross-contamination occurs when harmful bacteria spread from food to food, surfaces or utensils.
It can occur from raw to ready-to-eat food or via cutting boards, knives, or hands.
Using separate cutting boards and utensils for raw and ready-to-eat food prevents cross-contamination.
Always wash your hands with warm water and soap before handling food.

Importance of Cleaning & Sanitisation

Regular cleaning and sanitisation remove dirt and bacteria and helps prevent food spoilage.
Cleaning materials themselves should be clean and germ-free.
Disinfectants and sanitisers should be used where appropriate as they kill bacteria.
Cleaning schedules can help ensure a consistent cleaning routine.

Role of Preservation Techniques

Food preservation techniques can help extend the shelf-life of food.
Techniques include canning, freezing, refrigerating, dehydrating and vacuum packing.
Food preservatives such as salt, sugar and vinegar can deter bacterial growth and delay spoilage.
These preservation techniques should be used in combination with safe food handling practices.