The role of evolution and natural selection

The role of evolution and natural selection

Role of Evolution and Natural Selection in Behaviour

Basics of Evolution and Natural Selection

• Evolution refers to changes in species over time, leading to new forms or species.
• Natural selection is the principle mechanism of evolution, where traits that enhance survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on.

Darwinism and Survival of the Fittest

• Darwin’s theory suggests that species change over time through natural selection.
• Survival of the fittest indicates that organisms best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Evolutionary Psychology

• Evolutionary psychology applies the principles of evolution and natural selection to human behaviour.
• The approach suggests that many human behaviours (e.g. aggression, mate selection) evolved because they were adaptive.

Evolution and Genetic Influence on Behaviour

• Genetic predispositions for certain behaviours may have evolved due to natural selection.
• Studies on identical and fraternal twins provide evidence for genetic influence on behaviour.

Criticisms of Evolutionary explanations

• Evolutionary explanations can be criticised as deterministic, suggesting all behaviour is preprogrammed.
• They often lack empirical evidence, sometimes relying on ‘just-so’ stories.