Language and Structure

Section 1: Understanding Language in Non-Fiction Texts

The language used in a text can reveal a lot about the text’s purpose and its intended audience.
Review the vocabulary employed. Is it simple and easy to understand, or does it use complex or technical terms?
Analyse the use of formal or informal language. What does this tell you about the audience and the text’s purpose?
Consider the use of figurative language such as metaphors, similes and personification. This can be used to persuade, to create vivid images, or to explain concepts.
Look at the use of emotive language which can appeal to readers’ feelings and is often used to persuade or entertain.
Pay attention to the tone of the language. Is it serious, humorous, sarcastic, or urgent? This can give insights into the text’s purpose.
Identify any use of rhetorical devices such as repetition, rhetorical questions, or juxtaposition. These are often used to persuade or to emphasise certain points.

Section 2: Exploring Structure in Non-Fiction Texts

The structure of a text refers to how it is organised and laid out.
Look at the layout of the text. Are there headings, subheadings, bullet points, or separate text boxes? How do these help to present the information or arguments?
Consider the order in which information or arguments are presented. Is there a logical progression or sequence?
Look for any signposting - words or phrases that guide the reader through the text (for example, ‘firstly’, ‘on the other hand’, ‘in conclusion’).
Examine the length and types of sentences used. Longer, complex sentences might be used to provide detailed information or to build an argument, while shorter sentences might create emphasis or urgency.
In texts with a persuasive purpose, the structure might build towards a strong conclusion or call to action.
Remember that the structure of a non-fiction text will be influenced by its purpose and intended audience, and its effectiveness can be evaluated in terms of how well it serves these.