Human Rights: Fundamental Principles

Human rights are basic rights and freedoms endowed to all people regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, race, religion, language, or any other status.
They include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work in just and favourable conditions, and the right to education.
These rights are encapsulated in various international instruments, notably the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Social Justice: Core Ideas

Social justice pertains to justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.
It involves promoting a just society by challenging injustice and valuing diversity.
It examines issues related to gender equality, economic disparity, poverty, unemployment, discrimination, and other forms of social injustices.

Religion and Human Rights

Religious Perspectives on Human Rights

Many religions advocate for the protection of human rights. For instance, Christianity teaches about the inherent dignity and worth of every individual as made in the image of God.
However, tension may arise between religious teachings and certain human rights principles, such as freedom of sexual orientation and gender identity.
The question of religious freedom - a human right in itself - and how it may clash with other rights is often a point of contention.

Religion and Social Justice

Different religions have various teachings on social justice. For instance, Christianity supports social justice through its teachings on the preferential option for the poor and vulnerable.
Many religious organisations play key roles in advocating for social justice through charitable work, lobbying and activism.
Just like with human rights, conflicts may arise between religious doctrine and social justice issues, especially on matters involving gender and sexuality.

Human Rights Violations and Advocacy

Types of Violations

Violations of human rights include instances where a person’s right to life, equality, freedom, etc. is infringed upon. These might involve incidents of discrimination, violence, and lack of essential social services among others.
Violations can be perpetrated by both state and non-state actors. These might include government officials, corporations, and groups or individuals in society.

Advocacy

Advocacy for human rights entails efforts made by individuals or groups to promote and protect human rights.
It involves various activities such as legal advocacy, public demonstrations, lobbying, and educating the public about their rights.
Advocacy can result in significant policy changes, increased public awareness, and prevention of human rights abuses.