Covenant in Judaism

The Concept of a Covenant

In Judaism, a covenant, also known as a ‘brit’ in Hebrew, is a formal agreement or contract made between God and the Jewish people, where both parties have obligations.
The idea of the covenant is one of the central beliefs in Judaism, signifying a special relationship between God and the Jews.
There are two main covenants referred to in Judaism: the Covenant with Abraham and the Covenant with Moses at Mount Sinai.

The Covenant with Abraham was established when God promised Abraham that he would become the father of a great nation (Israel) and that this nation would inherit the land of Canaan (now known as Israel).
According to the Torah, when Abraham was 99 years old, God commanded him and all his male descendants to be circumcised as a ‘sign of the covenant’.
Circumcision in Judaism, also known as ‘Brit Milah’, continues to be a significant ritual, symbolising the Jewish people’s connection to God and their obligations under the covenant.

The Covenant at Mount Sinai is another significant agreement in Judaism, often referred to as the ‘Mosaic Covenant’.
This covenant was made between God and the Jewish people at Mount Sinai, shortly after they escaped from slavery in Egypt. It was at this moment that God gave the Ten Commandments to them through Moses.
The Ten Commandments form the heart of Jewish law, and their receipt is celebrated annually during the festival of Shavuot.

As part of these covenants, Jews take on a variety of responsibilities which shape their way of life.
These include following religious laws (the Torah), carrying out specific rituals (like circumcision and observing the Sabbath), and promoting social justice.
Fulfilling these responsibilities reinforces Jewish identity and maintains the special relationship between the Jewish people and God.

The concept of a covenant is often linked to the idea of reward and punishment.
For example, Jews believe God will bless them if they keep the covenant’s requirements and follow his commandments.
Conversely, breaking the covenant by disregarding commandment laws can lead to punishment, signifying God’s disappointment and serving as a call to return to righteous behaviour.

The concept of a covenant is fundamental to Jewish identity - it shapes how Jews live their lives and understand their relationship with God.
A Jew’s commitment to uphold the covenant demonstrates a dedication to God, to the Jewish community, and to the values and traditions that define Judaism.