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A Level Business CAIE
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A Level Business CAIE
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A Level Business CAIE
– Topics
Accounting Fundamentals
Limitations of Published Accounts
Main Users of Accounts
Practical Use of Ratio Analysis
Profitability Ratios
Liquidity Ratios
Statement of Financial Position
Income Statement
Analysis of Published Accounts
Practical Use of Ratio Analysis
Investor Ratios
Gearing Ratio
Financial Efficiency Ratios
Profitability Ratio
Budgets
Variances: Adverse, Favourable
The Purpose of Budgets
Business Communication
The Role of Management in Facilitating Communication
Barriers to Communication
Channels of Communication
Methods of Communication
Purposes of Communication
Business Objectives
Objectives and Business Decisions
Business Objectives in Private and Public Sectors
Business Structure
Privatisation
Multinationals
Local, National and Multinational Businesses
Legal Structures
Economic Sectors
Capacity Utilisation
Outsourcing
Increasing Capacity Utilisation
Measurement and Significance of Capacity
Contents of Published Accounts
Depreciation
Inventory Valuation
The Statement of Financial Position
The Income Statement
Costs
Solutions to Costing Problems
Approaches to Costing: Full, Contribution
Break-Even Analysis
Uses of Cost Information
Cost Information
Enterprise
Social Enterprise
The Role of the Entrepreneur
The Nature of Business Activity
External Influences on Business Activity
Environmental Influences
Demographic Influences
Other Businesses
Technological Influences
Social Influences
Economic Constraints and Enablers
Political and Legal Influences
Forecasting and Managing Cash Flows
Methods of Improving Cash Flow
Cash Flow Forecasts in Practice
Purposes of Cash Flow Forecasts
Globalisation and International Marketing
Strategies for International Marketing
Globalisation
Human Resource Management (HRM)
Role of Trade Unions in HRM
Workforce Planning
Cooperation between Management and Workforce
Labour Legislation
Approaches to HRM
Staff Training
Staff Morale and Welfare
Redundancy and Dismissal
Employment Contracts
Job Descriptions, Person Specifications, Job Advertisements
Recruitment and Selection
Purpose and Roles of HRM
Inventory Management
Managing Inventory
Purpose, Cost and Benefits of Inventory
Investment Appraisal
Qualitative Factors in Investment Appraisal
Discounted Cash Flow Methods
Basic Methods: Payback, ARR
The Concept of Investment Appraisal
Lean Production and Quality Management
Benchmarking
Total Quality Management
Quality Control and Assurance
Just in Time (JIT)
Kaizen
Lean Production
Management and Leadership
Emotional Intelligence/Quotient (EQ)
Choice of Leadership Style
Leadership
Management and Managers
Market Research
Cost Effectiveness
Market Research Results
Sampling Methods
Methods of Information Gathering
Primary and Secondary Research
Marketing Planning
Coordinated Marketing Mix
Forecasting
Product Development
Elasticity
Market Planning
Motivation
Motivation Methods in Practice
Motivation Theories
Human Needs
Motivation as a Tool of Management and Leadership
Operations Planning
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Scale of Operation
Location
Operations Methods
Flexibility and Innovation
Operations Decisions
Organisational Structure
Line and Staff
Centralisation
Control, Authority and Trust
Delegation and Accountability
Formal and Informal Organisations
Types of Structure
Relationship between Business Objectives, People and Organisational Structure
Project Management
Critical Path Analysis (CPA)
Network Diagrams
The Need for Projects and Project Management
Size of Business
External Growth
Internal Growth
Significance of Small Businesses
Measurements of Business Size
Sources of Finance
Selecting the Source of Finance
Factors Influencing the Sources of Finance
External Sources
Internal Sources
Short and Long Term Finance
Legal Structure and Sources of Finance
Stakeholders in a Business
The Importance and Influence of Stakeholders on Business Activities
Business Stakeholders
Strategic Analysis
Core Competencies
Porter’s Five Forces
Boston Matrix
Business Vision/Mission Statement and Objectives
PEST or External Environment Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Understanding Strategic Management
Strategic Choice
Decision Trees
Force Field Analysis
The Ansoff Matrix
Strategic Implementation
Contingency Planning and Crisis Management
Managing and Controlling Strategic Change
Developing a Change Culture
Corporate Culture and Strategic Implementation
Business Plans
The Marketing Mix
Consistency in the Marketing Mix
Using the Internet for the 4Ps/4Cs
Channels of Distribution
Promotion Methods
Price Elasticity of Demand
Types of Pricing Strategies
Product Life Cycle
Product
The Role of the Customer (4 Cs)
The Elements of the Marketing Mix (4 Ps)
The Nature of Operations
Capital vs Labour Intensity
Value Added
Effectiveness, Efficiency and Productivity
Inputs, Outputs and the Transformation Process
The Need for Business Finance
Working Capital
Start-Up Capital, Capital for Expansion
What is Marketing?
Market Segmentation
Niche vs Mass Marketing
Industrial and Consumer Markets
Features of Markets
Supply and Demand
Role of Marketing and Relationship with Other Business Activities