The Extent of Change in the Great Power Relations up to 1756

Diplomatic Alliances and Dynamics

The late 17th century and early 18th century witnessed the formation of strategic alliances among European powers, characterised by balance of power politics and frequent changes in diplomatic allegiances.
The War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1714), sparked by the death of the childless King Charles II of Spain, involved all the major European powers and brought about shifts in alliances. Despite the victory of the Grand Alliance, Spain and France were allowed to preserve their dynastic union, leading to a Franco-Spanish bloc in Europe.
The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) ended the War of the Spanish Succession and marked the rise of Britain as a major power in Europe, acquiring territories such as Gibraltar and Minorca.
The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 saw a major shift in alliances, with the traditional enemies Austria and France joining hands, and Prussia aligning with Britain, setting the stage for the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763).

Rise of Russia as a Major Power

The late 17th and early 18th centuries marked the ascendancy of Russia as a great power under Peter the Great. Peter aimed to modernise and westernise Russia, which had a considerable impact on the dynamics of European politics.
The Great Northern War (1700-1721) ended Sweden’s role as a major power and established Russia as a dominant player in Europe. By appropriating the Baltic territories through the Treaty of Nystad, Russia gained a crucial foothold in Europe’s political landscape.

Shift in Great Power Status

The period up to 1756 saw a relative decline in Spain and Sweden’s power at the European stage, while Britain, Prussia and Russia began to emerge as major powers.

Colonial Rivalries and Global Power

Diplomatic relations among the European powers were increasingly influenced by colonial rivalries. The War of Austrian Succession confirmed the shift in power dynamics towards maritime powers, with Britain and France becoming the key players in global affairs.
The beginning of the global struggle for colonies among European powers, particularly Britain and France, influenced their continental ambitions, causing further alterations in alliance systems.
The Anglo-French struggle for colonial domination became a key factor in European politics before 1756, leading to conflicts like King George’s War (1744-1748) and shaping the broader European power relations leading up to the Seven Years’ War.

Economic Power and Influence

The beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in Britain bolstered its economic power and consequently its influence on the continent, while French economic power also gradually increased albeit at a slower rate.
The commercial and financial dominance of the Dutch began to subside as Britain and France aspired for global trade supremacy.

By focusing on these key points, we can evaluate the shifts and complexities in great power relations leading up to 1756, encompassing territorial, political, economic, and colonial aspects.