The Impact of War on Society in Wales and England (1902-1951)

Impact of World Wars: 1902-1951

During the First World War, there was a significant loss of male lives, causing a demographic shift. Women were required to step into many roles traditionally filled by men, altering perceptions of gender roles.
The Representation of the People Act (1918) was a significant step forward for women, granting voting rights to women over 30 who met certain property qualifications as a result of their contribution during the war.
The wars increased demand for military supplies and armaments, leading to a boom in certain industries especially in areas like South Wales, where coal and steel production became critical to the war effort.
Implementation of rationing during both wars had a significant impact on the everyday lives of people, affecting diet and health in addition to instilling a collective spirit of endurance and sacrifice.
Both World Wars led to the creation of many memorials and commemorative traditions, such as the two minute silence, which fundamentally altered civic and public culture in England and Wales.

The significant destruction caused by the Second World War led to a widespread need for rebuilding and thus a boom in construction industries.
The state took increased responsibility for the welfare of its citizens, with legislation like the National Insurance Act (1946) and the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948.
High casualties from the Second World War led to the Home Guard and women continuing to occupy roles that had previously only been filled by men.
The economic strain of the Second World War led to the beginning of the end of empire, with independence granted to India in 1947 as Britain could no longer afford to maintain its overseas possessions.
Immigration increased significantly from the Commonwealth countries after the British Nationality Act 1948, leading to changes in the racial and cultural makeup of society.