Similarity and Difference (1890-1990)

Political Similarities and Differences

Evolution of the UK’s political landscape, marked by Labour’s rise from a fringe party at the turn of the century to a key player by the 1920s.
Continuity in the majoritarian nature of UK politics, with two main parties dominating the political scene throughout this period.
Differences in policy approach and ideology with Conservative governments typically favouring free market policies and Labour governments leaning towards state intervention.
Potential shift over the period from imperial thinking to a more Eurocentric focus, particularly following World War II - though the extent of this change is debated.
Role of politics in establishing and shaping the Welfare State, with differing views on its functions among different parties - notably the divide between universalism and means-testing.

Economic Similarities and Differences

Consistent role of manufacturing in the UK economy throughout this period, though its importance decreased compared to emerging service sector.
Significant periods of economic boom and recession - the so-called economic cycle remained present.
Struggle for gender parity in the workplace, reduced wage gap but continued differences in opportunities and representation.
Variation in regional economic performance, with traditional industrial areas (especially in Wales and Northern England) often struggling compared to the more affluent South.
Shift towards increased government intervention in the economy post-World War II followed by a reversal of this trend under Thatcherism.

Social Similarities and Differences

The class system remained a distinctive feature of UK society throughout this period, though with some notable shifts in class structure and mobility.
Movements towards a more inclusive society, marked by developments in civil rights and anti-discrimination laws.
Changes in gender dynamics, with continued inequality in domestic responsibilities and societal roles, but progress in the political, economic, and cultural spheres.
The influence of immigration on social composition and cultural norms, with a visible impact on areas such as cuisine, language, art and music.
Interaction and tension between a traditional, conservative societal view and emerging liberal and modern attitudes.

Cultural Similarities and Differences

Profound influence of the US on popular culture and social values throughout this period, ranging from music to fashion and consumer habits.
Increase in the diversity of the cultural landscape, due to both domestic and international factors.
Shifts in attitudes towards sexuality, gender, and race, some of which were legally codified in laws such as the Sex Discrimination Act (1975) and the Race Relations Act (1965).
Evolution in media, with technological advancements such as television reshaping the cultural environment.
Continuity in the centrality of core British institutions, despite periods of criticism and protest - including the monarchy, the BBC, and the education system.