The Extent of Change in the Control of Wales

The Extent of Change in the Control of Wales

Extent of Change in the Control of Wales

Legislative Changes

  • The Acts of Union in 1536 and 1543 legally absorbed Wales into England, radically transforming its governance.
  • These acts repealed the previous law codes of Wales, replacing them with English law.
  • The marcher lordships, previously quasi-independent possessions of nobility were abolished.
  • The Acts concluded the process of integrating Wales into the English legal and parliamentary system.

Administrative Changes

  • All of Wales was divided into shires, in line with the administrative model of England.
  • Wales was subdivided into 13 counties, each with its own sheriff.
  • The Council of Wales, headed by the President of the Council, was established to maintain law and order.

Social and Cultural Changes

  • English was made the official language of Wales, a huge cultural shift that impacted local education and legal proceedings.
  • A new gentry class emerged due to the Acts, and several Welsh families adopted English manners and customs.
  • The Welsh monstrosities, keyholders of Welsh culture and heritage, were replaced by Anglican parishes.

Economic Impact

  • Previously, Wales had been economically dependent on the wool industry. The integration with England diversified the local economy.
  • However, economic transformation was slow and uneven across different parts of Wales, with many areas remaining impoverished.

Impact on Welsh Identity

  • The imposition of English law, language and customs led to a dramatic loss of Welsh identity.
  • However, in some areas, it also sparked resistance and a greater fervour to keep Welsh traditions alive.
  • The union with England became a source of national grievance as many Welsh people felt their unique customs and distinct identity was being eroded.

It’s important to note that the extent of change in the control of Wales during this period was widespread and all encompassing, touching on various areas of Welsh lives - legislative, administrative, social, cultural and economic. However, progress was gradual and varied across Wales, and the process was accompanied by resistance from many sectors of Welsh society.