An Inspector Calls: Context

Societal Conditions and Class Disparity

Set in 1912, two years before the start of World War I, but written in 1945, right at the end of World War II.
The period’s rigid class hierarchy played a huge role in people’s lives. The upper class often exploited the lower class, leading to a profound gap.
The character of Eva Smith symbolises the underprivileged lower class that suffered at the hands of those higher up in the societal structure.
Mr Birling embodies the capitalist perspective of the time, highlighted by his concern for individual success over communal welfare and his lack of empathy towards his workers.

J.B. Priestley, the playwright, was a strong proponent of socialism and utilises ‘An Inspector Calls’ as a medium to propagate his ideals.
Inspector Goole serves as Priestley’s mouthpiece, emphasising collective responsibility and societal welfare.
Through the character transformations of Sheila and Eric, Priestley showcases the potential for change and the importance of acceptance of social responsibility.

Women’s roles were much different in early 20th century Britain. They were expected to follow narrowly defined societal norms with limited opportunities.
The character of Sybil Birling underscores this notion, as she personifies the traditional female.
Contrasting this, Sheila Birling’s character evolution indicates emerging progressive ideas about women’s roles and rights.
The narrative of Eva/Daisy showcases the hardships and exploitation that women of lower social status faced during the time period.

Even though the play is set before the First World War, the audience in 1945 would’ve experienced two World Wars making them more aware of social injustices and receptive to Priestley’s message.
Mr Birling’s dismissive predictions about war expose his ignorance and narrow foresight whereas Priestley’s audience knows the harsh realities of the impending conflicts.
The aftermath of the World Wars paved the way for social reform, reflecting Priestley’s plea for change in ‘An Inspector Calls’.