My Last Duchess

Overview:

“My Last Duchess” is a dramatic monologue written by the English poet Robert Browning.
The poem is delivered by a speaker believed to be Duke Ferrara, who is discussing a picture of his former wife, the last duchess.
The narrative unveils the duke’s oppressive and possessive personality, his pride, and his jealousy towards his late wife’s innocent actions.

Themes:

The poem starkly highlights the theme of control and power.
Duke Ferrara’s monologue — from his dominating discussion to his silent listener — outlines a relationship dictated by a disproportionate balance of power.

The Duke’s jealousy over the Duchess’s genuine nature and cheerful demeanour is a primary theme.
His need to control everything, including his wife’s smiles and social interactions, stems from his pride — another significant theme.

The painting of the Duchess reveals the theme of possession through art. The Duke prefers the portrait, which he fully controls, over his actual wife.

Devices and Structure:

“My Last Duchess” is written as a dramatic monologue, a form where a character gives a speech revealing significant aspects of their character.

There’s a strong use of irony throughout the poem. The Duke complains about the Duchess’s behaviour, but his speech reveals more about his arrogance and cruelty.

The poem consistently employs rhyming couplets and is largely written in iambic pentameter, which gives it a rhythmic, flowing sound that contrasts with the dark content.

Interpretation:

“My Last Duchess” is a critique of the patriarchal society and the objectification of women.
The Duchess’s genuine affection frequented by smiles becomes an issue for the Duke, revealing toxic masculinity and possessiveness that often laced relationships of the era.
The final scene, where the Duke showcases another artwork, Neptune taming a seahorse, signifies his desire for complete control over his partners, foreshadowing the fate of his future Duchess.