Macbeth: Writer's Techniques

Macbeth: Writer’s Techniques

Shakespeare’s Language and Verse

• Shakespeare often uses iambic pentameter in Macbeth, a rhythm that is similar to a heartbeat, illustrating the underlying tension and emotions of the characters.
• The script alternates between blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter) and prose, with noble characters generally speaking in verse and lower class characters in prose, highlighting social distinctions.
• There’s an extensive use of rhetorical devices. For instance, Macbeth uses many soliloquies and asides to reveal his inner turmoil to the audience.

Imagery and Symbolism

• Shakespeare extensively uses imagery to enhance the dark atmosphere of Macbeth. This includes images of blood, darkness, and unnatural events which contributes to the disturbing mood of the play.
• Symbols are strategically used throughout the play. The dagger seen by Macbeth before killing Duncan symbolises his ruthless ambition, while blood symbolises guilt.
• Macbeth also features animal imagery, to highlight unnatural happenings, foreshadow tragedy, or depict characters’ behaviour, such as the owl that shrieks the night Duncan is murdered, symbolising the unnatural inversion of the natural order.

Dramatic Irony

• Shakespeare uses dramatic irony effectively in Macbeth. A prime example is when Duncan refers to Macbeth’s castle as a “pleasant seat” unaware of the Macbeths’ plan to murder him.
• This technique is helpful in creating suspense and dramatic tension, as the audience knows more than the characters on stage.

Characterisation

• Shakespeare creates complex characters that undergo significant transformations. An example is Lady Macbeth’s character arc, who initially appears strong and ruthless but later succumbs to guilt and madness.
• Secondary characters, such as Banquo and the Witches, serve a purpose too, offering contrasting perspectives and enhancing the dramatic impact of the play.

Themes and Motifs

• Recurring themes (like ambition and supernatural) and motifs (like blood and sleep) are used by Shakespeare to add layers to the narrative, revealing character development and insight into the consequences of their actions.
• These recurring ideas also serve to unify the play and provide audiences with a comprehensive understanding of the moral implications of the storyline.