Things Fall Apart: Themes

Theme: Traditional African Values Vs. Foreign Values

Chinua Achebe presents a vivid picture of a traditional African society that greatly values its customs, traditions, and social hierarchy.
A sudden and forceful arrival of the missionaries causes a sharp contrast between the old and new values, leading to clashes and conflicts.
There’s a pervasive sense of loss and sadness as the local culture, encapsulated in proverbs, folklore, and social norms, is gradually eroded.
Okonkwo’s resistance to the new ideas and changes is derived from his deep-seated respect and commitment to the traditional values.

Theme: Masculinity

Okonkwo exemplifies the traditional idea of masculinity throughout the book - strength, courage, and hard work.
Any sign of weakness or softness is despised, and this fear of appearing weak shapes much of Okonkwo’s violent and intense behaviour.
This extreme form of masculinity leads to Okonkwo’s ultimate downfall when he is unable to adapt to the changes brought by colonisation.

Theme: Cultural Collision

The severe cultural clash between the Igbo society and the European imperialists is a central theme.
Achebe portrays the traditional Igbo society as rich and complex, not as unrefined nor unsophisticated.
It paints a strong picture of the cultural devastation brought about by colonialism, and its consequent loss of identity.

Theme: Fate, Free Will And Personal Choice

Okonkwo’s fate is an intertwining consequence of both personal decisions and unforeseen circumstances.
The choices he makes, driven by his fear of weakness and failure, often lead to tragic outcomes, such as his alienation from Nwoye and his banishment.
There’s an emphasis on how individual agency can shape one’s destiny, for good or ill.

Theme: The Role of Proverbs

In ‘Things Fall Apart’, proverbs are used frequently, highlighting the tradition’s wisdom and again, depicting the richness of the Igbo society.
These proverbs act as pivotal narrative tools, illuminating the cultural milieu, providing contextual depth, and often symbolising broader thematic concerns.