To Kill a Mockingbird: Themes

Racial Inequality

Central theme of To Kill a Mockingbird is racial inequality, demonstrated by the unjust accusations against Tom Robinson, a black man, by a white woman.
This extends to the racist society in which the judgement occurs- despite evidence of Tom’s innocence, he is found guilty.
Atticus’s character personifies the fight against racial inequality as he defends Tom, understanding that the prejudiced jury may not rule in his favour.

Loss of Innocence

This theme is embodied in the transformation of Jem and Scout as they grow up and learn about the harsh realities of their society.
Their idealism and innocence are shattered as they witness racism, injustice and hatred, especially during Tom Robinson’s trial.
The title “To Kill a Mockingbird” metaphorically signifies the end of innocence. In the story, Boo Radley and Tom Robinson are considered ‘mockingbirds’ – innocent beings who have been harmed by a morally corrupt society.

Moral Nature of Human Beings

Character of Atticus Finch best exemplifies this theme. He believes in the inherent goodness of people, despite the evil that they may display.
Another figure that explores the moral nature of humans is Arthur ‘Boo’ Radley whose kindness and bravery contradict the town’s view of him as a frightening recluse.
The decision of the town to protect Boo after he kills Bob Ewell re-affirms that the coherent moral code exists amongst even a prejudiced society.

Education

This theme is shown through Scout’s experiences at school which Harper Lee uses to criticize the education system of the day.
The contrast between the formal education Scout receives at school and the moral education from her father Atticus is prominent in the novel.

Class and Gender

The theme of social class is explored through Maycomb’s caste system, from the proud poverty of the Cunninghams to the ‘white trash’ Ewells, showcasing that racial discrimination isn’t the only form of bias in the town.
Gender expectations are also touched upon throughout the book, particularly through Scout, who defies traditional expectations of what it means to be a ‘lady’.

Remember to link how these themes are portrayed in the novel back to the narrative and characters when you are practising your analytical skills.