Grammar: Subordinating Conjunctions

1. Understanding Subordinating Conjunctions

In German grammar, subordinating conjunctions are words that link main clauses with sub-clauses, and create complex sentences.
Some common subordinating conjunctions in German include “weil” (because), “obwohl” (although), “dass” (that), “wenn” (if/when) and “ob” (whether).
A sentence with a subordinating conjunction in German will have the verb at the end of the sub-clause.

2. Sentence Structure with Subordinating Conjunctions

When a subordinating conjunction is used, the word order changes. Specifically, the verb moves to the end of the clause.
E.g., “Ich weiß, dass er aus Deutschland kommt.” (I know that he comes from Germany.)
Note that “kommt” (comes), the verb, is at the end of the sub-clause.

3. Main Clauses vs Sub-Clauses

A main clause is a standalone sentence which makes sense by itself.
A sub-clause is a part of the sentence that relies on the main clause to make sense.
Using subordinating conjunctions introduces sub-clauses into sentences.

4. Various Types of Subordinating Conjunctions

Causal conjunctions: Show a cause or reason. Examples include “weil” (because), “da” (since/as), and “denn” (because/for).
Concessive conjunctions: Show a contrast or concession. Includes “obwohl” (although), “trotzdem” (nevertheless).
Conditional conjunctions: Indicate a condition. Includes “wenn” (if), “falls” (in case), and “sofern” (provided that).

5. Tips and Tricks for Using Subordinating Conjunctions

Memorise the most frequent subordinating conjunctions with their English equivalents.
Practice constructing sentences using these conjunctions, as the use of these can tremendously improve fluency.
Pay careful attention to word order when using subordinating conjunctions, as mistakes can cause confusion.

6. Common Mistakes to Avoid

Avoid putting the verb in the wrong place when using subordinating conjunctions.
Don’t mix up coordinating conjunctions (like “und”, “aber”, “oder”) with subordinating conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions do not change the verb position.
Regularly reviewing and practising is crucial for mastering the use of subordinating conjunctions.