The Development of Mahayana Buddhism

The Development of Mahayana Buddhism

Early Development of Mahayana Buddhism

Perception: Often regarded as the “Great Vehicle”. It portrays Theravada Buddhism as a lesser path to enlightenment.
Origination: Emanated around first century B.C.E in India amongst Buddhist monks who sought a comprehensive approach towards Buddhism.

Key Concepts and Beliefs

Bodhisattva Ideal: Mahayana Buddhists seek to attain Bodhisattva, a state where they forgo their own Nirvana to help other beings achieve liberation.
Emptiness (Sunyata): This doctrine argues that all phenomena are empty of intrinsic existence.
Skilful Means (Upaya): The use of methods or strategies that suit the individual’s level of understanding or ability.

Mahayana Scriptures

Sutras: Unlike the Theravada, Mahayana Buddhists recognise a variety of new sutras, including the Lotus Sutra and the Heart Sutra.
Role of Texts: They are believed to be transmitted by Bodhisattvas or enlightened beings to guide others towards enlightenment.

Art and Architecture: Influenced Buddhist art, especially in spreading the representation of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas.
Lay and Monastic Life balance: Unlike Theravada, Mahayana Buddhism emphasises both monastic and lay paths to enlightenment.

Major Mahayana Schools

Zen Buddhism: Focuses on meditation and direct awakening to Buddha-nature.
Pure Land Buddhism: Followers devoutly recite the name of Amitabha Buddha to be reborn in the Pure Land, a realm free from suffering.
Vajrayana (Tibetan Buddhism): Integrates the practises of Mahayana Buddhism with Tantric and Shamanic rituals.