Homosexuality

Biblical Views on Homosexuality

  • Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13 state that a man lying with another man as he would with a woman is viewed as abominable.
  • Sodom and Gomorrah are often examined as an example of biblical punishment for alleged homosexuality, although interpretation varies.

Christian Interpretations

  • Literalist approach: Fundamentalist Christians interpret the biblical verses mentioned earlier, along with Romans 1:26-27, in a strict manner, viewing homosexuality as immoral.
  • Contextual approach: Some Christians argue that the biblical verses should be understood within their historical and cultural context, implying homosexuality may not be inherently sinful.

Theological Debates

  • Catholic Church’s viewpoint: Homosexuality not sinful, but homosexual actions are because sex is intended for procreation within marriage.
  • Liberal Christian viewpoint: Many, notably Quakers and certain Anglican churches, have accepted homosexuality and homosexual relationships, arguing for inclusivity and gender equality in faith.

Role of Reason and Nature

  • Natural law theory: Followed notably by the Catholic Church, argues the ‘natural’ purpose of sex is procreation, suggesting homosexuality is ‘against nature’.
  • Secular perspectives: Many non-religious ethical systems, like Humanism, argue homosexuality is a natural human characteristic and therefore morally neutral.

Religion and Society

  • Changes in secular law: Legalisation of same-sex marriage in many countries, and increasing social acceptance has brought homosexuality to the forefront of religious discussion.
  • Conflict and conformity: Some religious institutions and believers have amended their views to conform with social change, others adhere strictly to traditional teachings.

Philosophical perspectives

  • Kantian ethics: Homosexuality could be seen as conflicting with the Categorical Imperative to use people as ends in themselves, not means.
  • Utilitarianism: Bentham and Mill would likely argue the happiness resulting from consensual homosexual relationships should be morally permissible.