Presentation

• “Presentation” refers to the way a text is ordered and the techniques used to structure it. It encompasses elements like layout, font, headings and subheadings, graphics and other visual elements, as well as the overall organization of the text.

• When examining a piece of writing, one needs to identify its structure. It could be linear (following a coherent, straightforward sequence), cyclical (ending in the same place it started, symbolically or literally), or non-linear (using flashbacks, foreshadowing, and other complex narrative structures).

• A writer may use headings, subheadings, or bullet points to organize information. Paying attention to these elements can provide clues about the major points or themes in the text.

• Visual elements like images and graphics are also part of presentation. They are generally used to complement the text, highlight certain points, or set a mood or tone.

• Look for changes in tone, pace and tense, as these often signal changes in the text’s focus. For instance, a shift from past tense to present tense might indicate a move from reminiscing about the past to discussing the current situation.

• Larger structural components are also important. For instance, how do the introduction and conclusion relate? What is the effect of the ordering of paragraphs or sections?

• Presentation also extends to the language and style of the text. Is it formal or informal? Is the language simple and straightforward, or is it complex and high-flown?

• The layout of a text can also play a significant role in how its content is perceived. For example, narrow columns can make the text seem less daunting, while white space can give an impression of simplicity and clarity.

• The purpose of examining presentation in a text is to gain insight into how the author has chosen to convey their message and concepts. Analyzing these choices can provide a deeper understanding of the content and its intended impact.

• Always relate your observations about presentation back to the text’s overall themes and purposes. What does the presentation suggest about the author’s intentions and the effect they are trying to achieve?

• Remember to validate your findings with evidence, just stating an observation isn’t enough - you need to substantiate your point with specific examples from the text.

• Lastly, while focussing on presentation, one should not neglect the content. The best analysis combines a keen understanding of both style and substance.