Information and Ideas

When reading fictional material, focus on identifying the main themes. These could be explicit or implied.
Look out for the narrative voice or perspective. It could be first person (I), third person (he, she, they), or even second person (you).
Pay attention to how the author uses language, structure and form to present characters, themes and ideas. This includes the use of foreshadowing, flashbacks, and plot twists.
Understand how authors develop characters. This can be done through their actions, dialogue, description, reactions, thoughts and feelings. Authors can also use other characters’ perspectives to tell us about a character.
Take note of how the setting is described and how it contributes to the story. A good writer can use setting not only to create a sense of place, but also to enhance mood, reveal character and influence plot developments.
Look for instances of symbolism, where an object, character, or situation has another meaning other than its literal meaning. This often contributes to the overall theme of the text.
Authors often leave clues for readers to pick up on, these could be instances of foreshadowing or hints about what is to come.
Analyse how the structure of the narrative impacts your understanding of the text. Consider if the text is chronological, or if it jumps backwards and forwards in time.
Identify key points in the text where tension is created. Explore how the writer uses language to create this tension.
Be aware that your own cultural, personal and social contexts can influence how you understand and interpret a piece of fiction. It’s also helpful to consider the author’s context and the context in which the work was written.
Lastly, remember to engage with the text. You can do this by immersing yourself fully in it, asking questions and forming opinions about what you’re reading.