Conservatism: Different Types

Traditional Conservatism

Founded during the 18th and 19th centuries, Traditional Conservatism values social stability, order and organic unity in society.
It favours a gradual evolution of society rather than rapid change, valuing the wisdom of previous generations.
Holds a pessimistic view of human nature, stressing that humans are imperfect and capable of irrational behaviour.
Notable thinkers encompass Edmund Burke, who emphasised the importance of tradition, established institutions and principles.

New Right Conservatism

Evolving in the mid to late 20th century, New Right Conservatism is a fusion of economic neo-liberal principles and social conservatism.
It advocates for free market capitalism, deregulation and privatisation in economic affairs to encourage competition and individual initiative.
Simultaneously, it values social conservatism and argues for the preservation of traditional cultural and moral norms.
Key figures include economist Milton Friedman and former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

One-Nation Conservatism

Emerging in the 19th century, One-Nation Conservatism believes in a harmonious society where the wealthier classes have obligations to help those less fortunate.
It promotes paternalistic policies, welfare measures, and moderate political reform with a view to preserving social cohesion and preventing social conflict.
Does not advocate for laissez-faire capitalism, instead supports the state intervention to a certain extent to guarantee social justice.
Famous advocates include former British Prime Ministers Benjamin Disraeli and Harold Macmillan.

Note: While these are widely acknowledged sub-groups of conservatism, it is key to remember that they are not distinctive categories. They often intermingle and overlap, displaying the multifaceted character of conservative ideology.