An evaluation of the obstacles to peace, 1968-85

The Role of Paramilitary Groups

The presence and actions of paramilitary groups like the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) heavily impeded the peace process. These groups pursued their political agendas through violent means, which perpetuated fear, distrust, and division between communities.
Paramilitary groups had significant influence and controlled many aspects of community life in certain areas. Their role in perpetuating violence hindered attempts at negotiation and compromise.

Political Division and Intransigence

Enduring divisions between Unionists, who wished to remain part of the UK, and Nationalists, who desired a united Ireland, created significant political obstacles to peace. The opposing political goals of these groups made it difficult to find a mutually satisfying resolution.
Political leaders often demonstrated intransigence, unwilling to compromise on their positions. This inflexibility hindered the possibility of achieving peace through negotiation and consensus.

Persisting Sectarian Tensions

Sectarian tensions between Protestants and Catholics remained a major impediment to peace. Historic cultural, social, and religious differences fuelled fear and hatred, further exacerbating intercommunal violence and unrest.
These tensions were reinforced and perpetuated by segregated housing and education, creating insular communities with little opportunity for interaction and understanding.

Impact of the British Government

The perceived bias of the British government towards Unionists and their interests, particularly evident in the gerrymandering of electoral boundaries, undermined trust and hindered the peace process.
Coercive security measures, such as internment without trial, alienated the Nationalist community and fed into the paramilitary narrative of resistance against oppressive forces.

Public Sentiment and Fear

Widespread public fear and mistrust due to the ongoing violence and unrest presented an obstacle to achieving peace. This climate of fear often entrenched prevailing attitudes and hindered efforts to foster understanding between communities.
High-profile atrocities and their media portrayal further fuelled public fear and hatred, hardening positions on both sides.